Yes! Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a type of naturally occurring bacterial organism widely found in water and soil. While many people are exposed to NTM without becoming sick, these bacteria can cause lung infections in some individuals, particularly those with underlying lung disease such as BE. There are more than 200 species of NTM; among the most common are Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), Mycobacterium abscessus complex, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium chelonae, and Mycobacterium fortuitum.

NTM and BE have a closely linked, two-way relationship. NTM infections can cause BE by leading to inflammation and permanent airway damage. At the same time, BE increases the risk of developing NTM infection many fold. The abnormal, widened airways seen in BE make it harder to clear mucus, allowing NTM bacteria to grow and remain in the lungs. Once present, NTM infection can worsen existing BE by causing additional inflammation and further lung damage.

Because of this cycle, it is not always clear whether NTM came first or developed as a result of BE. Even when the sequence is uncertain, what matters more is whether NTM is actively affecting the lungs.

If NTM is causing lung damage or disease progression, treatment may be recommended. However, in other cases, if NTM is present but not causing active disease, no treatment may be needed and careful monitoring over time will help determine whether treatment is necessary.
To learn more about NTM, please visit NTMinfo.org.